DEPTH OF THE FREEZING OF THE SOIL AND HUMIDITY AS FACTOR OF EXTREME LEVELS IN THE PERIOD OF THE HIGH WATER

K.D. Silantyev

Student 4 courses of department of hydrometeorology and geoecology of the Bashkir state university, Ufa.

R.G. Galimova

Senior teacher of department of hydrometeorology and geoecology of the Bashkir state university, Ufa

Summary. In this article such factors as depth of a freezing and humidities of soils influencing the surface drain, and, therefore, and a cooperative layer of a drain in a river basin Béla in comparison were considered.

Keywords: soil, high water, Republic of Bashkortostan, river basin Béla.

The high water is a phase of the water mode of the river which has the nature of recurrence, that is repeatability annually during thawing of snow upon transition of average daily temperature through 0 C ̊. The high water falls into to the dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena. It is bound to a high level of water, the areas causing flooding of the under sites, agricultural fields, automobile and the railroads, flooding and destruction of civil and state property. For each post establishes UGMS (TsGMS).

In this article depth of a freezing of a soil cover, humidity of a soil cover across the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan as the factor influencing OYa as a high water will be considered.

Depth of a freezing of a soil cover is very important factor as infiltration of thawed snow during snowmelt, so, and a drain during a high water. The following regularities are revealed:

• first, than more depth of a freezing of a soil cover, therefore, is lower soil temperature, and formations of ice in capillaries and a time at penetration of thawed snow are stronger

• secondly, can draw a conclusion that the total area of sites with poorly chilled and thawed soil cover .

Also one of the major factors in formations of a drain of thawed snow, is the humidity of soils in a river basin. If the humidity of the soil in a river basin the least, then that high probability of increase in losses of water at infiltration at snowmelt and by that is less river drain layer. At larger humidity of soils till the snowmelt period, the there are less losses on infiltration of thawed snow in the pool that is, the drain layer thereby will increase, and it promotes formation of a high high water. If during the winter period there was thaw, then the moisture reserve in the soil can change towards increase that promotes a high expense in the period of a high water.

The composition of soils and their degree of structure, that is mechanical a honeycomb in a river basin, also influences the surface drain. For example: forest loamy soils have water penetration 20-25% more, than field. And on sandy it increases by 2-2,5 times.

Let's consider on an example with average depth of a freezing of soils and an average cooperative layer of a drain in a river basin Béla, in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan, and it is comparable these indexes.

According to fig. 1 we see that the average depth of a freezing the least in limits of the Bashkir Cis-Urals and the Western slopes of South Ural. We can assume this regularity because in these territories the larger size of snow cover prevails, and serves as, "heat insulator", and depth increases in the mid-range of South Ural, and gains the maximal values in the Bashkir Trans-Ural region.

Having analysed fig. 1 and fig. 2, we see regularity, with a smaller depth of a freezing of soils the cooperative layer of a drain increases to the greatest maximal values within the Western slopes of South Ural and the Cis-Urals and in inverse proportion for the Bashkir Trans-Ural region. Generally in the territory of the republic mean values on depth and a cooperative drain prevail, the slight tendency of increase in average depth of a freezing, and, therefore, to decrease of a cooperative drain in the territory of the Bugulmino-Belebeevsky height is observed.

Fig. 1. Average depth of a freezing of soils in the Republic of Bashkortostan (it is made by the author by data [4]).	Fig. 2. A cooperative layer of a drain in the basin of the river. Béla (it is made by the author by data [4]).

In the conclusion we conclude that the space variability of a cooperative layer of a drain and the surface drain depends in proportion on depth of a freezing and humidity of the soil and also on structure of the soil.

References:

1. Gareyev A.M., Galimova R.G. A study guide by calculation warm and moisture security of the territory [Text]: studies. - a method. grant. / A.M. Gareyev, R.G. Galimova. Parts 1. Ufa: RITS BASHGU, 2010. - 108 p.

2. Joint venture 33-101-2003. Definition of the main estimated hydrological performances [Text]: normative and technical material. – Moscow: State Committee for Construction of the Russian Federation, 2004. - 70 p.

3. Fatkhutdinova R.Sh. Study of a drain of the rivers of a river basin the Urals (within the Russian Federation).//SOCIETY, SCIENCE AND INNOVATIONS: materials of the International scientific and practical conference on February 14, 2015 Ufa, Aeterna Limited liability company, 2015. - P. 299-302.

4. Annual data on the mode and resources of the surface water of sushi//Federal State Budgetary Institution Bashkirskoye management on hydrometeorology and monitoring of a surrounding medium. Gidrometeoizdat. - P. 253.

Information on the author:

Silantyev Kirill Dmitrievich - is the student 4 courses of department of hydrometeorology and geoecology, geographical faculty, the Bashkir state university, e-mail:kir.silantiev@yandex.ru.

Galimova Rita Galimyanovna - is the senior teacher of department of hydrometeorology and geoecology, geographical faculty, Bashkir state university, e-mail:galim-rita@yandex.ru.